VENTILATORY ADAPTATION AND HEIGHT
Adaptation and Acclimation Mechanism respiratory
The process by increasing breathing at high altitudes is called ventilatory acclimatization or adaptation, which is a crucial factor in maintaining the supply of oxygen to the tissues and so on work performance at high altitude.
The stimulation of increased ventilation at high altitude was born in an organ called the carotid body about the size of a pinhead situated between the two branches of the carotid arteries of the neck.
When the pressure of oxygen in arterial blood decreases, chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body record the decline and increase the frequency and depth of breathing through a series of complex neural pathways that act on the diaphragm and muscles chest wall.
The result is an increase of air ventilated by the lungs, which brings with it a rise in oxygen pressure.
When a person breathes in oxygen or air enriched with oxygen, the opposite phenomenon occurs.
factors involved in ventilation in workers amounting to altitude
The stimulation of increased ventilation at high altitude was born in an organ called the carotid body about the size of a pinhead situated between the two branches of the carotid arteries of the neck.
When the pressure of oxygen in arterial blood decreases, chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body record the decline and increase the frequency and depth of breathing through a series of complex neural pathways that act on the diaphragm and muscles chest wall.
The result is an increase of air ventilated by the lungs, which brings with it a rise in oxygen pressure.
When a person breathes in oxygen or air enriched with oxygen, the opposite phenomenon occurs.
factors involved in ventilation in workers amounting to altitude
Adaptation and Acclimation Mechanism respiratory energy production requires oxygen and the input of it to the tissues decreases (hypoxia) its function is compromised.
Immediately after ascent to high altitude increases ventilation. The increased respiration produces increased excretion of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide, CO2) in exhaled air. The presence of CO2 in the tissues of the body creates acid in aqueous media, and its absence (by expiration), body fluids, including blood becomes more alkaline, which alters the acid-base balance in the body.
CO 2 regulates breathing oxygen in the opposite direction. Thus, when the pressure of CO2 increases, so does ventilation, and when it decreases, the vent also declines. Arriving at a high altitude, the body to maintain constant pressure while oxygen and acid-base needs many hours or even days.
Another way to restore balance is the excretion of bicarbonate by the kidney, forming an alkaline urine to compensate for respiratory loss of acidity and help to restore the proper levels of sea level. Renal excretion of bicarbonate is a relatively slow process.
A native of an area at sea level will need three to five days to acclimate to 3000 meters. (Meters above sea level), at 4300 meters. it requires seven to ten days. While at altitudes above 6000 and 8000 meters., If that succeeds, it takes six weeks or more.
Individual Response to Hypoxia
Days required to complete depending on altitude acclimatization The time to achieve acclimation or ventilatory adaptation varies from person to person. One of the most important reasons is the great variation among individuals in their response to hypoxia.
Changes in acclimation or adaptation depend on other factors such as variability of the magnitude of respiratory depression of respiratory center function, sensitivity to changes in acid-base balance and renal capacity for excrete bicarbonate.
Sleep
Poor sleep quality is a factor that may affect job performance. During sleep, ventilation decreases and respiratory capacity to respond to low oxygen and high CO2. Also, down the frequency and depth of breathing.
periodic interruption of breathing during the first few nights following the rise to great heights is a common phenomenon. Experienced a period of apnea (cessation of breathing) from 15 to 30 seconds, followed by several deep breaths often awaken the person briefly.
arterial oxygen pressure often drops during periods of apnea to alarming levels. Due to the repeated occasions when the subject is awake, sleep quality is poor, so that although the total sleep time was normal, the person wakes up with the feeling of having spent a restless night or not having slept. Oxygen administration eliminates the cycle of stimulation and inhibition hypoxic periodic breathing alkaline cancels and restores normal sleep.
chronic intermittent exposure to altitude in
workers
Changes in acclimation or adaptation depend on other factors such as variability of the magnitude of respiratory depression of respiratory center function, sensitivity to changes in acid-base balance and renal capacity for excrete bicarbonate.
Sleep
Poor sleep quality is a factor that may affect job performance. During sleep, ventilation decreases and respiratory capacity to respond to low oxygen and high CO2. Also, down the frequency and depth of breathing.
periodic interruption of breathing during the first few nights following the rise to great heights is a common phenomenon. Experienced a period of apnea (cessation of breathing) from 15 to 30 seconds, followed by several deep breaths often awaken the person briefly.
arterial oxygen pressure often drops during periods of apnea to alarming levels. Due to the repeated occasions when the subject is awake, sleep quality is poor, so that although the total sleep time was normal, the person wakes up with the feeling of having spent a restless night or not having slept. Oxygen administration eliminates the cycle of stimulation and inhibition hypoxic periodic breathing alkaline cancels and restores normal sleep.
chronic intermittent exposure to altitude in
workers
miner lying there
work situations, especially in the mining of the Peruvian Andes that require work several days at altitudes above 3000 m. . and then move several days at home, at sea level. Working hours are variable (10 to 14 days) and a number of days (4 to 7) to sea level.
intervals is recommended to evaluate acclimatization necessary to achieve and to lose and also pay special attention to the welfare of workers and their job performance to reach the height and over one or two days later.
fatigue is necessary to assess the time needed to perform routine and non routine tasks and errors. Also, employers should develop strategies to minimize the time required for acclimatization and to improve performance during waking hours.
Perhaps the most important problem is the decline in cognitive performance early days of readmission to the altitude that can impact on errors, failures and even the increase in accidents. This topic Chilean Mining Society and the state currently are paying particular interest in assessing this issue with scientific seriousness.
Height is not a contraindication for Work
intervals is recommended to evaluate acclimatization necessary to achieve and to lose and also pay special attention to the welfare of workers and their job performance to reach the height and over one or two days later.
fatigue is necessary to assess the time needed to perform routine and non routine tasks and errors. Also, employers should develop strategies to minimize the time required for acclimatization and to improve performance during waking hours.
Perhaps the most important problem is the decline in cognitive performance early days of readmission to the altitude that can impact on errors, failures and even the increase in accidents. This topic Chilean Mining Society and the state currently are paying particular interest in assessing this issue with scientific seriousness.
Height is not a contraindication for Work
"Contractor with Chanquiris Froilan Vega." Great photo huancaina Sebastian Rodriguez, mining contracts, Century 20
In Peru in 2010 the state has regulated (Regulation Occupational Health and Safety in Mining) that workers will work in the mines over the 2500 meters. empirically forbidden to climb the height of pregnant women, post surgery, obesity, etc, without taking into account that more than 28% of Peruvians live at levels above 2500 meters and as at sea level have all imagined disease and is also a fact that people travel regularly to the high level and vice versa plain healthy or ill.
This shows that there is still a lack of knowledge of physiology and pathology of the height embodied in laws prevent future access to the work of many people and that is not the objective. The aim is to prevent and protect the health of workers and not hinder the work.
In another article published the thoughts of the Bolivian scientists about the benefits of the height, the taboos that still exist and misstatements about life at high altitude.
Encyclopedia Based on Health and Safety at Work: John Reeves and John Weil
This shows that there is still a lack of knowledge of physiology and pathology of the height embodied in laws prevent future access to the work of many people and that is not the objective. The aim is to prevent and protect the health of workers and not hinder the work.
In another article published the thoughts of the Bolivian scientists about the benefits of the height, the taboos that still exist and misstatements about life at high altitude.
Encyclopedia Based on Health and Safety at Work: John Reeves and John Weil
Dr. Achilles Monroy
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