Peasant resting on a street in Cuzco with its flames 
in Pampa Galeras Vicuña in Ayacucho 
Alpacas in Puno Nuñoa 
common vision herd of llamas in the Peruvian Andes BLOOD IN LARGE CAMEL HEIGHTS
In a previous article of this blog: "THE MAN WITH THE HEIGHT, FULLY ADAPTED?" , commented that full adaptation to altitude in humans was related to The time spent at altitude. So Winslow, who studied Heights native Chile and Nepal, both at 3700 feet, found significant differences in levels of hematocrit levels and other adaptive changes in relation to the ventilatory response.
These differences would relate to the time of habitat of both populations. The man migrated to America about 35 000 years and the colonization of the Peruvian Andes has 14 000 years. While the man has lived in Asia, including Tibet for nearly half a million years.
The study of animal species that "habitat" is normal at altitude may help to better understand the adaptation to high altitude. More even when there is a group formed by llamas, alpacas, vicuna and guanacos called camelids living millions of years in the heights of the Andes, having successfully adapted to hypoxia as well as human populations in the Himalayas.
South American Camelidae OVER THREE MILLION YEARS LIVING IN PERU AND HAVE BEEN ADAPTED TO THE HEIGHT
camelids appeared in North America 45 million years ago, some species of this genus migrated to South America during the Pliocene to Pleistocene transition about three million years ago (Wheeler, 1995), were domesticated by men between the 9000 and 2500 BC. Today these animals live in the Andean countries. According to FAO, 2005, in Peru there are 3 million alpacas, llamas 1 million, 125 000 5 000 vicuna and guanacos, mostly in the departments of Puno, Cuzco, Junín and Ayacucho, living at altitudes between 3800 to 5000 meters on the sea level.
These animals are best adapted to the low barometric pressure and therefore to hypoxia.
Studies by César Corpacancha Reynafarje in animals, La Oroya (4200 meters) the llama, alpaca and vicuña have high values \u200b\u200breaching 13 million red cells per cubic millimeter. But present levels low hemoglobin levels between 13.5 and 15 grams per deciliter and the hematocrit from 35 to 38%. This inconsistency is due to the size of red blood cells is small with 24-28 microns Mean Corpuscular Volume.
BLOOD RED on South American camelids are elliptical
In a previous article of this blog: "THE MAN WITH THE HEIGHT, FULLY ADAPTED?" , commented that full adaptation to altitude in humans was related to The time spent at altitude. So Winslow, who studied Heights native Chile and Nepal, both at 3700 feet, found significant differences in levels of hematocrit levels and other adaptive changes in relation to the ventilatory response.
These differences would relate to the time of habitat of both populations. The man migrated to America about 35 000 years and the colonization of the Peruvian Andes has 14 000 years. While the man has lived in Asia, including Tibet for nearly half a million years.
The study of animal species that "habitat" is normal at altitude may help to better understand the adaptation to high altitude. More even when there is a group formed by llamas, alpacas, vicuna and guanacos called camelids living millions of years in the heights of the Andes, having successfully adapted to hypoxia as well as human populations in the Himalayas.
South American Camelidae OVER THREE MILLION YEARS LIVING IN PERU AND HAVE BEEN ADAPTED TO THE HEIGHT
camelids appeared in North America 45 million years ago, some species of this genus migrated to South America during the Pliocene to Pleistocene transition about three million years ago (Wheeler, 1995), were domesticated by men between the 9000 and 2500 BC. Today these animals live in the Andean countries. According to FAO, 2005, in Peru there are 3 million alpacas, llamas 1 million, 125 000 5 000 vicuna and guanacos, mostly in the departments of Puno, Cuzco, Junín and Ayacucho, living at altitudes between 3800 to 5000 meters on the sea level.
These animals are best adapted to the low barometric pressure and therefore to hypoxia.
Studies by César Corpacancha Reynafarje in animals, La Oroya (4200 meters) the llama, alpaca and vicuña have high values \u200b\u200breaching 13 million red cells per cubic millimeter. But present levels low hemoglobin levels between 13.5 and 15 grams per deciliter and the hematocrit from 35 to 38%. This inconsistency is due to the size of red blood cells is small with 24-28 microns Mean Corpuscular Volume.
BLOOD RED on South American camelids are elliptical
Red blood cells have an elliptical shape. Bone marrow is hyperplastic, with great erythropoietic activity that is related to the shorter lifespan of red blood cells and iron turnover rate for hemoglobin synthesis is faster.
life time red blood cells in humans is 120 days in these animals is 60 days. In relation to red cell mass, in native human height is twice that found in camelids.
Then the camel of the Andes have a high red blood cell production offset by an equivalent level of destruction. The balance of these processes results in red cell mass is half of what humans need to adapt to the altitude.
arterial saturation was between 80.2 to 91.5%, similar to that of humans at the same altitude.
The increase in the number of red blood cells leads to increased surface Oxygen contact with red blood cells at the level of pulmonary alveoli. The elliptical shape of red blood cells facilitates the movement into the capillaries.
These findings would suggest that adaptation to the heights of the camel would play other mechanisms such as the increased ability of tissues to utilize oxygen.
respect to white blood cells reached 12 000 per cubic millimeter and the differential count is similar to that of humans.
Other findings in the coping mechanisms of these animals will discuss in another article.
life time red blood cells in humans is 120 days in these animals is 60 days. In relation to red cell mass, in native human height is twice that found in camelids.
Then the camel of the Andes have a high red blood cell production offset by an equivalent level of destruction. The balance of these processes results in red cell mass is half of what humans need to adapt to the altitude.
arterial saturation was between 80.2 to 91.5%, similar to that of humans at the same altitude.
The increase in the number of red blood cells leads to increased surface Oxygen contact with red blood cells at the level of pulmonary alveoli. The elliptical shape of red blood cells facilitates the movement into the capillaries.
These findings would suggest that adaptation to the heights of the camel would play other mechanisms such as the increased ability of tissues to utilize oxygen.
respect to white blood cells reached 12 000 per cubic millimeter and the differential count is similar to that of humans.
Other findings in the coping mechanisms of these animals will discuss in another article.
Camelid Hematology and Human at 4200 meters
(C. Reynafarje)
Dr. Achilles Monroy
0 comments:
Post a Comment