The placenta seen by fetal face umbilical cord The Placenta:
The term placenta comes from the Latin word "circular cake" and was introduced in 1559 by a doctor named Realdus Columbus. The placenta is a round structure on a disk cake or about 25 cm. in diameter and about 2.5 cm. thick towards the end of pregnancy.
The placenta attached to the inside of the uterus allows the baby nourished by removing the elements from maternal blood.
Structure of the placenta:
By the beginning of the fourth month of pregnancy, and placenta has two components:
• Portion fetal formed by the leafy chorion, the placenta is surrounded by the chorionic plate . Here are noticed arteries and veins of large caliber, chorionic vessels, which converge into the umbilical cord.
• Lot feeding: formed by the deciduous baseline from which the compact layer, call or decidual basal plate is the portion most closely incorporated into the placenta. During the fourth and fifth months the decidua forms several partitions dividing the placenta in compartments called cotyledons. Among
chorionic and basal plates are filled intervillous spaces maternal blood. From gaps in the syncytiotrophoblast and are always covered with syncytium of fetal origin. Arborescent villi are developed within the intervillous blood lakes.
The placental weight is higher in Height:
Since 1963 several authors (in Cerro de Pasco: R. Sanchez, Fuentes, K. Kadar, R. Herrera and many more) found that placental weight is greater in height.
placental morphology on the most significant histological finding concerns the relative volume of fetal capillaries is significantly greater in height, which is associated with a decrease in the relative volume of the chorionic villi stroma. The more surface area and capillary villous placenta in height would be in the phenomena of gas exchange and metabolism of the placenta which would be a structural adaptive mechanism of great efficiency against hypoxia at high altitudes. Similarly
defined
the hairy surface area determined by the microscope light increases due to the presence of microvilli, by a factor of 5.23 in Cerro de Pasco (4330 m asl.) 3.50 in Puno (3800 masl.) and 3.03 in Lima (sea level). The actual area of \u200b\u200bmaternal-fetal exchange is 60.72 m in Cerro de Pasco, 38.92 m. Puno and 26.60 m in Lima.
S. Recavarren in 1979 found structural changes in placentas from high altitude at the level of syncytial microvilli with an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bgas exchange.
The term placenta comes from the Latin word "circular cake" and was introduced in 1559 by a doctor named Realdus Columbus. The placenta is a round structure on a disk cake or about 25 cm. in diameter and about 2.5 cm. thick towards the end of pregnancy.
The placenta attached to the inside of the uterus allows the baby nourished by removing the elements from maternal blood.
Structure of the placenta:
By the beginning of the fourth month of pregnancy, and placenta has two components:
• Portion fetal formed by the leafy chorion, the placenta is surrounded by the chorionic plate . Here are noticed arteries and veins of large caliber, chorionic vessels, which converge into the umbilical cord.
• Lot feeding: formed by the deciduous baseline from which the compact layer, call or decidual basal plate is the portion most closely incorporated into the placenta. During the fourth and fifth months the decidua forms several partitions dividing the placenta in compartments called cotyledons. Among
chorionic and basal plates are filled intervillous spaces maternal blood. From gaps in the syncytiotrophoblast and are always covered with syncytium of fetal origin. Arborescent villi are developed within the intervillous blood lakes.
The placental weight is higher in Height:
Since 1963 several authors (in Cerro de Pasco: R. Sanchez, Fuentes, K. Kadar, R. Herrera and many more) found that placental weight is greater in height.
placental morphology on the most significant histological finding concerns the relative volume of fetal capillaries is significantly greater in height, which is associated with a decrease in the relative volume of the chorionic villi stroma. The more surface area and capillary villous placenta in height would be in the phenomena of gas exchange and metabolism of the placenta which would be a structural adaptive mechanism of great efficiency against hypoxia at high altitudes. Similarly
defined
the hairy surface area determined by the microscope light increases due to the presence of microvilli, by a factor of 5.23 in Cerro de Pasco (4330 m asl.) 3.50 in Puno (3800 masl.) and 3.03 in Lima (sea level). The actual area of \u200b\u200bmaternal-fetal exchange is 60.72 m in Cerro de Pasco, 38.92 m. Puno and 26.60 m in Lima.
S. Recavarren in 1979 found structural changes in placentas from high altitude at the level of syncytial microvilli with an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bgas exchange.
placental circulation showing the level of communication from the placenta between maternal and fetal vessels The weight of the placenta is related to the birth weight on height and regulates fetal erythropoiesis:
Tulio Ramírez in 1987 on a detailed work by studying 224 placentas in Cerro de Pasco (4340 m) showed statistically that the weight of the placenta does not change with sex of the newborn, with the number of previous pregnancies, or the weight or maternal height.
placental weight in relation to birth weight, is greater as the level of altitude. Placental weight increases with birth weight as opposed to what happens at sea level, where at the end of pregnancy the fetal weight increases faster than the placenta. One
adaptive adaptive mechanisms that play major placenta to the fetus would be the regulation of erythropoiesis in the newborn at high altitude compared to sea level is statistically similar. These data suggest that fetal erythropoiesis and newborns are independent of maternal factors and hypoxic environment and could be due to the barrier holding the placenta. We will review the issue in some detail in another installment.
Summary Since 1963 Several authors (R. Sanchez, Fuentes, K. Kadar, R. Herrera) Found That placental weight is great at high altitude. The Most Significant
Histological finding in the placental morphology concerns the relative volume of fetal capillaries is significantly greater at high altitude than at sea level. It is associated to a decrease in the relative volume of the stroma of the chorionic villi. The bigger surface area would be an important gas exchange and metabolism phenomena of the placenta which would be a structural adaptive mechanism of great efficiency in the hypoxia at altitude.
S. Recavarren in 1979 found structural changes in placentas from high altitude in syncytial microvilli with an increase in the area of gas exchange.
Mean placental weigth is not different between sexes gravity weigth or maternal height at high altitude. When newborn body weight is similar at any altitudes the placental weigth is increased according altitude is INCREASED. Placental weigth is when to newborn weigth is INCREASED INCREASED. Placental growth rate is similar Than weigth body growth rate at high altitude last weeks of Pregnancies Through Different To That Observed at sea level (T. Ramírez 1987).
Tulio Ramírez in 1987 on a detailed work by studying 224 placentas in Cerro de Pasco (4340 m) showed statistically that the weight of the placenta does not change with sex of the newborn, with the number of previous pregnancies, or the weight or maternal height.
placental weight in relation to birth weight, is greater as the level of altitude. Placental weight increases with birth weight as opposed to what happens at sea level, where at the end of pregnancy the fetal weight increases faster than the placenta. One
adaptive adaptive mechanisms that play major placenta to the fetus would be the regulation of erythropoiesis in the newborn at high altitude compared to sea level is statistically similar. These data suggest that fetal erythropoiesis and newborns are independent of maternal factors and hypoxic environment and could be due to the barrier holding the placenta. We will review the issue in some detail in another installment.
Summary Since 1963 Several authors (R. Sanchez, Fuentes, K. Kadar, R. Herrera) Found That placental weight is great at high altitude. The Most Significant
Histological finding in the placental morphology concerns the relative volume of fetal capillaries is significantly greater at high altitude than at sea level. It is associated to a decrease in the relative volume of the stroma of the chorionic villi. The bigger surface area would be an important gas exchange and metabolism phenomena of the placenta which would be a structural adaptive mechanism of great efficiency in the hypoxia at altitude.
S. Recavarren in 1979 found structural changes in placentas from high altitude in syncytial microvilli with an increase in the area of gas exchange.
Mean placental weigth is not different between sexes gravity weigth or maternal height at high altitude. When newborn body weight is similar at any altitudes the placental weigth is increased according altitude is INCREASED. Placental weigth is when to newborn weigth is INCREASED INCREASED. Placental growth rate is similar Than weigth body growth rate at high altitude last weeks of Pregnancies Through Different To That Observed at sea level (T. Ramírez 1987).
Dr. Achilles MONROY
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